ABSTRACT
The research was conducted to determine forage yield and some quality characteristics of Hungarian vetch + triticale mixture, sowed in five different times under rainfed conditions of Central Anatolia, Turkey. The mixture was sowed in the second, third and fourth week of October, and the first and the second week of November in 2017 and 2018. Depending on the sowing times, plant height (PH) of Hungarian vetch and triticale was between 46.7 and 59.4 cm, and 85.9 and 93.4 cm, respectively. Green forage yield (GFY) was between 1746.2 and 2059.4 kg da-1, dry matter yield (DMY) was between 541.0 and 707.6 kg da-1, crude protein yield (CPY) was between 80.4 and 110.3 kg da-1, digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) was between 340.8 and 453.9 kg da-1, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratio was between 31.8 and 33.7%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio was between 44.7 and 49.5%, total digestible nutrient (TDN) was between 57.9 and 60.4% and relative feed value (RFV) was between 118.6 and 133.8. Sowing time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on PH of triticale, while it has a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on GFY, DMY, CPY, DDMY, NDF ratios and RFV. Delaying the sowing time caused a decrease in the GFY, DMY and quality of the mixture. Results revealed that the first week of October is the most appropriate sowing time to obtain high dry matter yield with high quality under continental climate conditions of the Central Anatolia.
A pesquisa foi conduzida para determinar a produção de forragem e algumas características de qualidade da mistura de ervilhaca húngara + triticale, semeada em cinco épocas diferentes em regime de sequeiro na região Central da Anatólia, Turquia. A mistura foi semeada na segunda, terceira e quarta semanas de outubro, e na primeira e segunda semanas de novembro de 2017 e 2018. Dependendo da época de semeadura, a altura da planta (PH) da ervilhaca e triticale húngara foi entre 46,7 e 59,4 cm e 85,9 e 93,4 cm, respectivamente. O rendimento de forragem verde (GFY) ficou entre 1746,2 e 2059,4 kg da-1, o rendimento de matéria seca (DMY) foi entre 541,0 e 707,6 kg da-1, o rendimento de proteína bruta (CPY) foi entre 80,4 e 110,3 kg da-1, digestível seco o rendimento de matéria (DDMY) estava entre 340,8 e 453,9 kg da-1, a proporção da fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) estava entre 31,8 e 33,7%, a proporção da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) estava entre 44,7 e 49,5%, o nutriente digestível total (NDT) era entre 57,9 e 60,4% e o valor relativo da alimentação (RFV) foi entre 118,6 e 133,8. A época de semeadura teve um efeito significativo (P < 0,05) no PH do triticale, enquanto teve um efeito muito significativo (P < 0,01) nas relações GFY, DMY, CPY, DDMY, FDN e RFV. O atraso na semeadura ocasionou diminuição no GFY, DMY e na qualidade da mistura. Os resultados revelaram que a primeira semana de outubro é a época de semeadura mais adequada para a obtenção de alta produtividade de matéria seca com alta qualidade nas condições climáticas continentais da Anatólia Central.
Subject(s)
Seeds , Vicia/growth & development , Triticale/growth & development , Turkey , Agricultural CultivationABSTRACT
O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a associação da ervilhaca (Vica sativa) ou da suplementação energética em pastagem de aveia branca (Avena sativa) sobre o desempenho de novilhos de corte na fase de terminação. Foram utilizados 18 novilhos castrados, 1/4 Marchegiana 1/4 Aberdeen Angus 2 / 4 Nelore, com peso vivo e idade média de 360kg e 19 meses, respectivamente, divididos em três tratamentos: pastagem de aveia branca, pastagem de aveia branca consorciada com ervilhaca e pastagem de aveia branca com suplementação energética (milho grão triturado, 1% do peso vivo por dia, na matéria seca)...
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the association of vetch (Vica sativa) or energy supplementation in oat (Avena sativa) on the performance of steers in the finishing phase. The experiment was performed in 18 steers, quarter Marchegiana, quarter Aberdeen Angus and 2/4 Nellore genetic groups, with the live weight and age of 360kg and 19 months, respectively, divided into three treatments: pasture white oat, pasture white oat intercropped with vetch and oat pasture with energetic supplementation with the basis of ground corn (1% body weight per day in dry matter)...
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Avena , Pasture/analysis , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Vicia , Animal Feed , Weight GainABSTRACT
The seed morphology and seed proteins of 11 Vicia taxa from Egypt were studied. Macro-and micro-morphological characters, including seed shape, color, size, hilum shape and seed sculpture were described and analyzed. The secondary sculpture of the cell wall varies from papillose in nearly all Vicia species to lophate in V. hirsuta. Further, the seed proteins of studied taxa were investigated by SDS-PAGE and 39 different bands were scored. The similarity analysis based on the SDS-PAGE profile and seed morphology was found to be a useful characteristic for the discrimination of Vicia species both on the subgeneric and the sectional levels. The present study did not acknowledge V. tetrasperma and V. hirsuta as subgenus Ervum. As a result, division of Vicia into two subgenera i.e. Vicia and Cracca, is supported.
Analisam-se a morfologia e as proteínas de sementes de 11 táxons de Vicia oriundos do Egito. As características macro- e micro-morfológicas, como forma da semente, cor, tamanho, forma do hilo e a escultura da semente são descritas e analisadas. A escultura secundaria da parede celular varia na papilose em quase todas as espécies de Vicia até a lofada em V. hirsuta . As proteínas das sementes dos táxons foram analisadas por SDS-PAGE onde 39 bandas diferentes foram detectadas. A análise de similaridade baseada no perfil de SDS-PAGE e na morfologia da semente foi uma característica útil para discriminar as espécies de Vicia em níveis subgenérico e seccional. Essa investigação rejeitou V. tetrasperma e V. hirsuta como subgênero de Ervum, mas aceitou a divisão de Vicia em dois subgêneros, ou seja, Vicia e Cracca.
Subject(s)
Vicia/anatomy & histology , Vicia/classification , Seed Storage ProteinsABSTRACT
Meningoencefalite granulomatosa foi observada em 7 de 8 vacas leiteiras adultas afetadas por doença granulomatosa sistêmica associada ao consumo de ervilhaca, embora nenhum dos bovinos afetados apresentasse sinais de distúrbios nervosos. Os infiltrados inflamatórios localizavam-se nas leptomeninges e como manguitos perivasculares no interior do encéfalo; consistiam de macrófagos epitelióides, linfócitos, plasmócitos e eosinófilos. Essas alterações inflamatórias variavam de leves a acentuadas de animal para animal e entre diferentes regiões do encéfalo de um mesmo animal. Geralmente, os manguitos perivasculares eram mais acentuados que os infiltrados nas leptomeninges. As regiões do encéfalo afetadas, em ordem decrescente de intensidade, diencéfalo através da massa intermedia; mesencéfalo na altura dos colículos rostrais; ponte e pedúnculos cerebelares, bulbo na altura do óbex, lobo frontal na altura do joelho do corpo caloso e cerebelo. O tipo e a distribuição das alterações inflamatórias são enfatizados em relação ao diagnóstico diferencial de outras doenças e lesões do sistema nervoso central de bovinos no contexto do programa brasileiro de vigilância para a encefalopatia espongiforme bovina.
Subject(s)
Cattle , Meningoencephalitis/epidemiology , Central Nervous System/pathology , Vicia/toxicity , Plant PoisoningABSTRACT
Analysis of leaf exudates of Vicia faba using paper chromatography to identify individual amino acids and sugars qualitatively was investigated. The results revealed that the number of identified amino acids detected in the leaf exudates of the susceptible plants was more than those of resistant plants. The results also showed an increase in the number of amino acids exuded by infected leaves, but no marked difference in sugars of infected and non infected plants. Lithium chloride application led to decrease in amino acid and sugar contents. The number of amino acids and sugars was also decreased with leaf age. Botrytis fabae and the selected fungal species (Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger) were used to show the effect of individual amino acid and sugar on their spore germination. It was observed that all amino acids stimulated the fungal spore germination except serine which inhibited its spore germination. In case of A. alternata, spore germination was stimulated by all amino acids except serine, alanine, glutamic acid, arginine and methionine which caused the inhibition. In case of F. oxysporum, aspartic and glutamic acids inhibited spore germination but the other amino acids stimulated its spore germination. Aspartic acid and phenyl alanine inhibited the spore germination of A. niger. All the identified sugars (galactose, glucose, fructose and rhamnose) stimulated spore germination of all tested fungi.
Subject(s)
Alanine , Amino Acids , Arginine , Aspartic Acid , Aspergillus , Botrytis , Carbohydrates , Chromatography, Paper , Exudates and Transudates , Fructose , Fungi , Fusarium , Germination , Glucose , Glutamates , Glutamic Acid , Lithium Chloride , Methionine , Niger , Serine , Spores , Spores, Fungal , Vicia faba , ViciaABSTRACT
Bleeding into the subarachnoid space is one of frequent complications in neurosurgical practice and most frequently caused by rupture of meningeal by trauma to the head. Hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space may occur in patient with blood dyscrasias, intracranial tumors, vascular anomalies, certain toxic or infectious disease of the nervous system, and intracerebral hemorrhages. In may be worthy academic interest and clinical practice to estimate the age of blood after hemorrhage into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The age was estimated and assessed by an immunological method with hemoagglutination activity using native Korean phytoagglutinin. The age of the red blood cells in RBC-CSF suspension of normal subjects was assessed and estimated by the hemoagglutination of phytoagglutinin in vitro. Vicia PHA and Clerodendron PHA chosen from among 18 different varieties of PHA are panhemoagglutinin and demonstrated the agglutination reaction most effectively. The agglutination activity of PHA with RBC-CSF suspension decreased gradually as time elapsed and activity subsided on 7~8th day. The age of RBC in CSF can be estimated by titration. The agglutination activity of PHA to RBC in CSF suspension continued for a longer period than that of PHA to either RBC in normal saline or anti-serum A and B in CSF. It would be well to say that the experimental results can be applied to clinical situations, especially subarachnoid hemorrhage.